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Knowledge vs Information

One way to conceptualize the difference between knowledge and information is this: knowledge involves some metric of computational difficulty to arrive at, while mere information lacks this property.

If I explain the optical theory of why the sky is blue, I have effectively minted a proof—a receipt about the cost of the reasons why I believe the sky is blue. Furthermore, such a proof can have it's validity verified by checking the laws of physics. That is analogous to knowledge. 

On the other hand, simply saying "the sky is blue" is a form of information. And alone, it does not have a cost characteristic. It is context-free or lacks an epistemic justification.

A meta, contrarian "third thing" is that merely knowing is not the same as doing.

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